# biodiversity-armenia.am

> The Biodiversity Conservation Center of Armenia


## Posts

- [](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/2023/10/04/hello-world/): *Public organization «Biodiversity conservation center (BCC Armenia)» is founded by a group of experts in the field of nature conservation for the purpose of implementing environmental scientific and management projects in the Republic of Armenia. The main goal of the BCC Armenia is the preservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services of Armenia as the basis of human well-being. BCC Armenia plans and implements projects within the following main objectives:– natural heritage and biodiversity assessment and mapping– ecosystem services assessment and mapping– environmental management providing biodiversity conservation and sustainable development– support for environmental awareness and education. Key staff of BCC Armenia […]

## Pages

- [Full Report](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/full-report/): Prototype Ecosystem Accounting of Armenia (Terrestrial Ecosystems) Version 1 Technical Report Click to download
- [Intro](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/intro/): 1. Introduction: the aim and general methodology of the project 1.1. Aim of the project The aim of the project is to create a Prototype of national ecosystem accounting (EA) for natural terrestrial ecosystems of Armenia in physical terms, in accordance with the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting framework (SEEA EA) (United Nations, 2021), and to provide technical recommendations for initiating physical EA in Armenia. The project is being implemented by Biodiversity Conservation Center BCC Armenia jointly with the Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development (IOER) with the participation of experts from leading scientific organizations in Armenia. The project […]
- [Accounting tables EE](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/accounting-tables-ee/): Examples of accounting tables Explanations are provided in the PDF-file in the corresponding sections. Extent of land cover classes by Government-reported data (Section 2.2.A) EE accounting table: Table 2.2.A-2. Land cover classes in 2020 and 2024, by Government-reported data, ha   Cultivated lands Grasslands Tree-covered areas Shrub-covered areas Water covered areas Vegetation-free areas Opening extent in 2020 538361.22 1366386.9 400522.06 34200.612 151491.8 483295.83 Additions to extent NA Managed expansion NA Unmanaged expansion NA Reductions in extent NA Managed reductions NA Unmanaged reductions NA Net change in extent 1259.3 -2700.46 -18160.9 173.718 20626.01 -1197.1 Closing extent in 2024 539620.52 1363686.44 382361.15 […]
- [Water general](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/water-general/): 3.1.A6. General issues of assessment of water-related ES Terrestrial ecosystems perform between 11% and 96% of the modeled ES (Table 31A6-1). Ecosystems have the strongest impact on baseflow supply and erosion prevention, performing these functions almost entirely (93–96%). ES maps show that under the bare ground scenario, baseflow is almost absent (Section3.1.A2), meaning that the existing baseflow is almost entirely provided by terrestrial ecosystems. At the same time, under the current land cover, erosion is virtually absent (Section 3.1.A3), indicating that ecosystems almost completely prevent it. Only in the case of ES for flood mitigation under the average spring rainfall […]
- [Methodology waterES](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/methodology-wateres/): 3.1.A1. Methodology of assessment of water-related ES General modeling framework Four of the six regulating services assessed are closely linked to the water cycle via evapotranspiration and indicators of surface runoff and baseflow. They were assessed using the InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) integrated tool:– Seasonal water flow regulation and baseflow provision (InVEST Seasonal Water Yield);– Prevention of soil water erosion and sediment export in waterbodies (InVEST Sediment Delivery Ratio);– Flood risk mitigation (InVEST Urban Flood Risk Mitigation);– Сooling effect of terrestrial ecosystems (InVEST Urban Cooling). The modeling framework simulated current (2023) and past (2017) conditions, as […]
- [Fodder](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/fodder/): 3.2.A. Fodder production on natural pastures and hayfields PDF Data, text, and results presentation – Elena Bukvareva (BCC Armenia) Provided ES in Armenia The volume of provided ES is equal to the amount of fodder that can be used by livestock without harming pasture condition—that is, the maximum allowable stocking rate. The Government of Armenia Decision No. 389-N of 14 April 2011 (https://www.arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?DocID=67394) defines this value for the main grassland zones in Armenia (Table 32A-1). These values are defined based on the relationship between grassland productivity and livestock demand for forage, so they can also be applied to hayfields. Hereafter, for brevity, […]
- [A - supply-use balance](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/a-supply-use-balance/): 3. Supply – use balance This section is based on a comparison of runoff estimates by the SWY InVEST model and data on water consumption from ArmStat regional statistics. Water use in marzes in 2023, mln m3 Marzes Drinking, domestic Industry, communal, building Agriculture, fish breeding, forestry Total use Aragatsotn 3.7 1.3 226.3 231.3 Ararat 6.7 6 799.3 812 Armavir 10.2 13.5 514.1 537.8 Gegharkunik 24.5 0.8 29 54.3 Kotayk 8.6 8.6 147.1 164.3 Lori 9.3 5.7 3 18 Shirak 7.9 2.2 53 63.1 Syunik 16.3 57.1 6 79.4 Tavush 8.1 1.7 11.1 20.9 Vayots Dzor 2.4 0.5 21 23.9 […]
- [Atlas](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/atlas/): 2.7. Approaches for the inclusion of Armenia in the Global Ecosystem Atlas PDF The work was carried out with the participation of:Aleksanyan Alla (Institute of Botany after A. Takhtajyan NAS RA)Asatryan Vardan (Scientific center of zoology and hydroecology of NAS RA)Bukvareva Elena (BCC Armenia)Fayvush George (Institute of Botany after A. Takhtajyan NAS RA)Kazakov Eduard (NextGIS OÜ, Estonia) The Global Ecosystems Atlas (GEA) will be the first comprehensive harmonized open resource on the extent, change, condition and risk of all the world’s ecosystems. The inclusion of Armenia in the GEA is seen by us as an important step to demonstrate the international significance of national ecosystem accounting. […]
- [Useful plants](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/useful-plants/): 3.2.B. Wild plants used by humans PDF Data and text – George Fayvush (Institute of Botany after A. Takhtajyan NAS RA)Results presentation – Elena Bukvareva (BCC Armenia) In this section we assess three types of benefits to people from the use of wild plants: culinary species, medicinal species, and the production of nectar by wild plants for subsequent honey production. The assessments of the provided ES are given in points based on the known number of species in the corresponding plant groups. In the future, these assessments should be refined using data on productivity and permissible levels of plant harvesting from the […]
- [Provisioning ES](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/services/provisioning-es/): 3.2. Provisioning ES PDF 3.2.A. Fodder production on natural pastures and hayfields (in progress) → 3.2.B. Wild plants used by humans → The assessment of supplied provisioning ESs was made based on a vegetation map created in the project framework excluding crops and built-up areas For detailed map see sections Ecosystem Extent/Vegetation/Vegetation map 2025
- [PAs ES](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/pas-es/): 3.1.F. Regulating ES of Protected Areas At the present stage, we do not have access to official data covering all Armenian PAs for the period after 2014, official digitized maps of PA boundaries, or land cover data specifically refined for the territory of Armenia. Therefore, the following analyses are based on the available digital PA map referenced below and the global ESRI land cover dataset. The use of the ESRI land cover dataset for relatively small PA areas leads to significant errors in area estimation. In the examples below, we demonstrate only the type of analysis that can, in principle, […]
- [PAs EE](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/pas/): Ecosystem extent in protected areas Extent of ​​protected areas in Armenia In accordance with Decree N 1059-Ա (25.09.2014) of the Government of the Republic of Armenia, the PAs in 2014 were as follows:– 3 state reserves (“Khosrov Forest”, “Shikahogh” and “Erebuni”), which occupy an area of ​​35,439.6 hectares or 1.19% of the total area of ​​Armenia,– 4 national parks (“Sevan”, “Dilijan”, “Lake Arpi” and “Arevik”), which occupy an area of ​​236,802.1 hectares or 7.96% of the total area of ​​Armenia,– 232 natural monuments,– 27 state sanctuaries, which occupy an area of ​​114,812.7 hectares or 3.95% of the total area of […]
- [Culture](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/culture/): Biodiversity in Armenian Culture The page is run by the project’s volunteers Armine Arshakyan and Kristina Baghdasaryan Armenia’s rich biodiversity has left an indelible mark on the culture, beliefs, and traditions of its people for centuries. The diverse ecosystems of the Armenian Highlands—from forests to alpine meadows and mountain rivers—not only provided livelihoods but also shaped national identity. Armenian folklore is rich with myths and tales about nature. In the epic of David of Sassoun and other legends, animals and plants often appear as symbols or helpers. The bear, the eagle, and other native animals have become symbols of bravery, wisdom, […]
- [Carbon](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/carbon/): We apologize for possible errors in the machine translation of the site 3.1.E. Carbon storage in soil and tree biomass GIS analysis – Vardan Asatryan (NAS RA)Presentation of results – Elena Bukvareva (BCC-Armenia);   The assessment of soil carbon stocks was made using data from the World Soils 250m Organic Carbon Stocks dataset. Carbon stock in tree biomass was estimated using the area of tree cover from ESRI (2023) and the average carbon content of wood. According to the Acopian Center, a pilot study conducted in forests near the town of Vanadzor (northeastern Armenia) revealed a value of 98 tC/ha. However, data from State of […]
- [Gov LC data](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/gov-lc-data/): Decision of the Government of the Republic of Armenia. April 11, 2019 n 431-n. On approval of the procedure for classification of the land cover of the Republic of Armenia. Land cover classes:Cultivated landsMeadowsTree-covered areasShrub-covered areasWater covered areasVegetation-free areas Land cover of the Republic of Armenia 2974258.8 ha area, by classes, 2020-2023 Land cover classes July 1, 2020 July 1, 2021 July 1, 2022 July 1, 2023 Cultivated lands 538361,22 538580,09 538930,12 538919,19 Meadows 1366386,896 1371066.28 1370749,11 1370618,62 Tree-covered areas 400522,06 400375,84 400279,49 382109,06 Shrub-covered areas 34200,612 34193,77 34135,56 34124,48 Water covered areas 151491,8 153889,698 153890,39 172088,29 Vegetation-free areas 483295,83 […]
- [ArmStat](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/armstat/): Data from Statistical Committee Republic of Armenia (ArmStat), relevant to accounting of terrestrial ecosystems  Indicators Source Indicator Unit of measurement Territorial divisions Renewal deadlines Agriculture Annual area under various crops Statistical CommitteeRepublic of Armenia Sown areas under grains and leguminous plants,  potatoes, vegetables, water-melons, fruits and berries, grape hectare Yerevan, Aragatsotn, Ararat, Armavir, Gegharkunik, Lori, Kotayk, Shirak, Syunik, Vayots Dzor, Tavush 2006-2023 Yield of various crops by regions Statistical CommitteeRepublic of Armenia Yield capacity of grains and leguminous plants,  potatoes, vegetables, water-melons, fruits and berries, grape  1000 tonne 2006-2023 Livestock Statistical CommitteeRepublic of Armenia Cattle, Cows, Pigs, Sheep and goats […]
- [Regulating ES](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/regulating-es/): 3.1. Regulating ES The latest version of the results is presented in the PDF PDF The website pages have not yet been updated 3.1.A. Methodology of assessment of water-related ES 3.1.B. Baseflow provisioning (InVEST Seasonal Water Yield) → 3.1.C. Prevention of soil water erosion and sediment export in streams (InVEST Sediment Delivery Ratio) → 3.1.D. Flood risk mitigation (InVEST Urban Flood Risk Mitigation) → 3.1.E. Сooling effect of terrestrial ecosystems (InVEST Urban Cooling) → 3.1.F. General issues of assessment of water-related ES → 3.1.G. Carbon storage in soil and tree biomass → 3.1.H. Pollination (in progress) 3.1.I. Regulating ESs of […]
- [Vegetation](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/vegetation/): We apologize for possible errors in the machine translation of the site 2.3. Extent of ecosystems (vegetation types) Creation of updated vegetation map – Alla Aleksanyan (Institute of Botany after A. Takhtajyan NAS RA)Digitizing of vegetation map – Vardan Asatryan (Scientific center of zoology and hydroecology of NAS RA) GIS modeling, analysis, and presentation of results – Eduard Kazakov (NextGIS OÜ, Estonia)Analysis and presentation of results – Elena Bukvareva (BCC-Armenia) 2.3.A. Ecosystem extent at national and marz levels Vegetation types most accurately reflect the characteristics of terrestrial ecosystems, because vegetation reflects all the main habitat conditions (climate, soil, topography) and forms the trophic basis of ecosystems and […]
- [1961](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/1961-2/): We apologize for possible errors in the machine translation of the site Reduction of the potential distribution area of 24 vegetation types identified on the 1961 vegetation map For this analysis, the vegetation map from the 1961 Atlas of the Armenian SSR* (digitized by Vardan Asatryan) and the ESRI land cover 2023 data were used. Vegetation map 1961 Vegetation map excluding crops and built-up areas from ESRI 2023For detailed maps see in the Section Ecosystem Extent/Vegetation Based on the intersection of the vegetation map with the land cover data, vegetation types have been ranked according to their rarity (area in […]
- [CBD](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/cbd/): We apologize for possible errors in the machine translation of the site Project contribution to Global Biodiversity Framework The project ‘Ecosystem Accounting in Armenia: Setting the Scene’ (2024-2026) aims to create a Prototype of national ecosystem accounting in Armenia in accordance with the EA-SEEA recommendations, including Stock Accounting (ecosystems) and Flow Accounting (ecosystem services). It makes a direct contribution to GBF (https://www.gbf-indicators.org/) Target 21 aimed at providing informational support for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, which, in turn, contributes to the Targets 1 and 11 and Goals A and B for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity […]
- [Services](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/services/): We apologize for possible errors in the machine translation of the site Ecosystem services Regulating ES → Provisioning ES → Outdoor recreation (in progress) Biodiversity in Armenian culture (in progress) →
- [Extent](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/extent/): We apologize for possible errors in the machine translation of the site 2. Ecosystem extent 2.1. Testing of available land cover data → 2.2. Extent of land cover classes → 2.3. Extent of vegetation/ecosystem types → 2.4. Extent of natural landscapes → 2.5. Extent of ecosystems based on landscape-land cover classes (LLCCs) → 2.6. Ecosystem extent in Protected Areas → 2.7. Approaches for the inclusion of Armenia in the Global Ecosystem Atlas → 2.8. Examples of accounting tables
- [Introduction](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/introduction/): We apologize for possible errors in the machine translation of the site What is ecosystem accounting The Ecosystem Accounting within the System of Environmental Economic Accounting (SEEA EA) constitutes an integrated and comprehensive statistical framework for organizing data about habitats, landscapes, and ecosystem services, tracking changes in them. Ecosystem accounting data are needed for the following tasks: – to make visible and understandable to people the material and non-material contribution of living nature to their well-being;– to assess and track the state of ecosystems and their services;– to identify and track the impact of the economy and other human activities […]
- [Сoefficients used for modeling](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/preliminary-results-on-ea/%d1%81oefficients-used-for-modeling/): We apologize for possible errors in the machine translation of the site Сoefficients used for InVEST modeling Table 1. Average number of days with rain by month Climate zones Cities 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Moderate cool Севан 1 2 4 7 12 13 9 6 5 2 1 2 Раздан 2 2 4 5 10 10 8 4 3 2 1 2 Степанаван 1 1 4 6 11 10 5 3 3 2 1 2 Ванадзор 2 3 5 8 13 13 8 5 4 3 1 3 Average 2 2 4 […]
- [Rains](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/rains/): Precipitation and the number of days with rain in selected cities (http://armenia.pogoda360.ru/) Climate zones Cities May June   Days with rain Precipi-tation, mm Average rain, mm Days with rain Осадки, мм Average rain, mm Catastrophic rain, mm (50% of monthly precipitation) Moderate cool Sevan 12 140 12 13 157 12 79 Hrazdan 10 113 11 10 120 12 60 Stepanavan 11 141 13 10 130 13 65 Vanadzor 13 177 14 13 189 15 95 Average 12 143 12 12 149 13 75 Moderate relatively humid   Idjevan 10 127 13 8 97 12 64 Dilijan 11 133 12 12 […]
- [Floods](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/preliminary-results-on-ea/floods/): We apologize for possible errors in the machine translation of the site Flood Risk Mitigation (InVEST UFRM model) GIS modeling and analysis, presentation of results – Eduard Kazakov (NextGIS OÜ, Estonia);Analysis and presentation of results – Elena Bukvareva (BCC-Armenia);Assessment of the alignment of results with real watersheds in Armenia – Vardan Asatryan (NAS RA) Assessment of the relevance of modeling results for Armenia – external expert Alexander Arakelyan (NAS RA)  The InVEST model Urban Flood Risk Mitigation (UFRM) calculates two main indicators:– the Runoff retention, i.e. the amount of runoff retained by soil and vegetation compared to the storm rain volume in m3 (1 m3 of runoff is equal to […]
- [LLCC changes Tables](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/preliminary-results-on-ea/extent-of-llccs/llcc-changes-tables/): High mountain alpine N-W High mountain subalpine N-W High-altitude snow-cowered N-W Low and middle mountain forest W Low and middle mountain forest N-W Low and middle mountain forest shelter belt W Low and middle mountain forest shelter belt N-W Low mountain, dry steppe N-W Middle mountain meadow steppe N-W Middle mountain steppe N-W Mountain-valley semidesert N-W Submountain semidesert N-W Total share ARAGATSOTN 7.54 8.99 20.21 0.68 1.60 0.00 0.00 36.25 8.96 11.97 11.84 0.00 108.05 ARARAT 3.21 5.71 3.04 0.24 2.24 0.00 4.24 13.56 4.28 12.57 32.79 0.00 81.88 ARMAVIR 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.39 0.00 0.00 […]
- [LLCC importance Tables](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/preliminary-results-on-ea/extent-of-llccs/llcc-importance-tables/): The share of LLCCs in their total area in Armenia according to ESRI 2023 data, %. High mountain alpine W High mountain alpine N-W High mountain subalpine W High mountain subalpine N-W High-altitude snow-cowered W High-altitude snow-cowered N-W Low and middle mountain forest W Low and middle mountain forest N-W Low/mid. mount. forest shelter belt W Low/mid. mount. forest shelter belt N-W Low mountain, dry steppe W Low mountain, dry steppe N-W Middle mount. meadow steppe W Middle mountain meadow steppe N-W Middle mountain steppe W Middle mountain steppe N-W Mountain-valley semidesert W Mountain-valley semidesert N-W Submountain semidesert N-W Summed […]
- [LLCC area in marzes Tables](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/preliminary-results-on-ea/extent-of-llccs/2426-2/): The proportion of natural landscapes in their total area in Armenia, % (ESRI 2023) Submountain semidesert Mountain-valley semidesert Low and middle mountain forest shelter belt Low and middle mountain forest Low mountain, dry steppe Middle mountain steppe Middle mountain meadow steppe High mountain subalpine High mountain alpine High-altitude snow-cowered Aragatsotn 0.00 10.98 0.00 1.08 37.21 12.64 8.07 8.81 7.44 20.11 Ararat 0.00 33.96 3.39 1.20 15.11 13.06 4.59 5.63 3.18 3.03 Armavir 0.00 46.05 0.00 0.00 19.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gegharkunik 0.00 0.00 5.35 6.15 0.00 19.51 17.65 20.49 19.33 20.71 Kotayk 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 11.31 11.45 […]
- [Landscape importance Tables](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/preliminary-results-on-ea/extent-of-landscapes/landscape-importance-tables/): The share of different landscapes in their total area in Armenia according to ESRI 2023 data, %. The total percentage for provinces can exceed 100%. High-altitude snow-cowered High mountain alpine High mountain subalpine Middle mountain meadow steppe Middle mountain steppe Low mountain, dry steppe Low and middle mountain forest Low and middle mountain forest shelter belt Mountain-valley semidesert Sub-mountain semidesert Total share Syunik 28.05 34.99 23.47 15.26 10.22 0.00 18.46 33.97 0.00 100.00 264.42 Gegharkunik 20.71 19.33 20.49 17.65 19.51 0.00 6.15 5.35 0.00 0.00 109.20 Aragatsotn 20.11 7.44 8.81 8.07 12.64 35.94 1.08 0.00 10.81 0.00 104.90 Tavush 0.00 […]
- [Landscape_LC classes Tables](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/preliminary-results-on-ea/extent-of-landscapes/landscape_lc-classes-tables/): The area of different land cover classes within landscape zones according to ESRI 2023 data, km2 Trees Rangeland Bare Ground Snow/Ice and Clouds Crops Built Area Submountain semidesert 0.00 14.93 0.03 0.00 0.19 1.97 Mountain-valley semidesert 0.52 411.32 5.75 0.00 766.06 376.07 Low/middle mount. forest shelter belt 195.79 796.09 3.87 0.01 95.20 84.08 Low and middle mountain forest 2361.03 2261.51 2.81 0.05 133.77 180.49 Low mountain, dry steppe 3.21 1461.86 3.35 0.00 454.76 329.90 Middle mountain steppe 108.88 4723.60 2.97 0.06 1454.46 484.65 Middle mountain meadow steppe 294.31 4057.45 4.27 0.04 460.92 78.35 High mountain subalpine 125.93 4222.75 3.73 0.44 […]
- [Extent of LLCCs](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/preliminary-results-on-ea/extent-of-llccs/): We apologize for possible errors in the machine translation of the site 2.5. Estimation of ecosystem extent on the base of landscape-land cover classes (LLCCs) GIS modeling and analysis – Eduard Kazakov, Maxim Dubinin (NextGIS OÜ, Estonia)Analysis and presentation of results – Elena Bukvareva (BCC-Armenia)Searching for Government-reported data – Armen Grigoryan (BCC-Armenia) The methodology is described in detail in the publication:Bukvareva E., Grigoryan A., Dubinin M., Kazakov E. Integrating actual land cover data and landscape zone map to assess terrestrial ecosystems in Armenia. Explora: Environment and Resource  4996.  https://doi.org/10.36922/eer.4996PDF To estimate extent of landscape-land cover classes (LLCCs), the map of landscape zones published in the Fifth National […]
- [Landscape area tables](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/preliminary-results-on-ea/extent-of-landscapes/landscape-area-tables/): Area of natural landscapes, km2, based on ESRI 2023 land cover data Landscape zone Aragats-otn Ararat Armavir Geghar-kunik Kotayk Lori Shirak Syunik Tavush Vayots Dzor Armenia High-altitude snow-cowered 39.1 5.9 0.0 40.2 26.2 0.0 7.5 54.5 0.0 20.9 194.2 High mountain alpine 146.4 62.6 0.0 380.5 114.8 134.5 152.9 688.8 10.2 278.0 1968.7 High mountain subalpine 383.5 245.1 0.0 892.1 290.0 407.7 479.4 1021.6 134.1 499.5 4352.8 Middle mountain meadow steppe 351.3 199.8 0.0 768.9 288.0 735.7 648.7 664.7 294.6 404.3 4356.1 Middle mountain steppe 611.2 631.7 0.0 943.5 553.7 481.4 482.9 494.4 0.0 636.7 4835.5 Low mountain, dry steppe […]
- [CC changes](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/preliminary-results-on-ea/cooling-effect/cc-changes/): Changes in CC in settlements from 2017 to 2023 Settlements in alphabetical order   Settlements in ascending order of changes in CC Settlement 2023 2017 2023-2017 2023-2017,% 2023-2017,% Abkes 0.12 0.12 0.00 0.00 Kapuyt -60.77 Abovyan 0.18 0.18 0.01 4.64 Gudemnis -48.41 Abovyan 0.21 0.22 -0.02 -6.92 Vahravar -41.97 Abovyan 0.19 0.18 0.01 5.81 Khor Virap -40.10 Achajur 0.20 0.20 0.01 3.16 Srashen -31.76 Acharkut 0.28 0.26 0.02 8.46 Koghbavan -27.59 Agarak 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.14 Vardavank -25.67 Agarak 0.21 0.20 0.01 3.48 Mets Ayridja -23.66 Agarak 0.17 0.19 -0.03 -14.04 Shishkert -23.41 Agarak 0.21 0.23 -0.02 -7.40 Arevis -23.12 […]
- [CC in settlements](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/preliminary-results-on-ea/cooling-effect/cc-in-settlements/): Cooling capacity in settlements Settlements in alphabetical order   Settlements in descending order of CC Settlement Average CC   Settlement Average CC Abkes 0.12 Nor Aznaberd 0.50 Abovyan 0.21 Kobayr 0.44 Abovyan 0.19 Gorgoch 0.41 Abovyan 0.18 Burma 0.37 Achajur 0.20 Hors 0.36 Acharkut 0.28 Barepat 0.35 Agarak 0.21 Tsakhkadzor 0.35 Agarak 0.21 Antarashen 0.34 Agarak 0.20 Jermuk 0.32 Agarak 0.17 Artabuynk 0.32 Agarakadzor 0.21 Tsaghkalanj 0.32 Agarakavan 0.20 Jiliza 0.31 Aghavnadzor 0.21 Kalavan 0.31 Aghavnadzor 0.19 Dilijan 0.30 Aghavnatun 0.23 Shamlugh 0.29 Aghavnavank 0.14 Aygek 0.29 Aghberk 0.17 Vagharshapat 0.29 Aghin 0.13 Khndzorut 0.29 Aghitu 0.19 Acharkut 0.28 Aghnjadzor […]
- [Cooling Effect](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/preliminary-results-on-ea/cooling-effect/): We apologize for possible errors in the machine translation of the site 3.1.A.5. Cooling Effect of terrestrial ecosystems (InVEST Urban Cooling) GIS modeling and analysis, presentation of results – Eduard Kazakov (NextGIS OÜ, Estonia);Analysis and presentation of results – Elena Bukvareva (BCC-Armenia) InVEST model outputs are proxy variables that should be interpreted in relative terms, rather than physical quantities. Nevertheless, the identified values are useful for analyzing the spatial distribution of services across the country’s territory and their balance with indicators of service utilization by the population and the economy. This section presents preliminary results of testing models for assessing and mapping ecosystem services. […]
- [Analysis of land cover fragmentation](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/project-tasks/testing/analysis-of-land-cover-fragmentation/): Analysis of land cover and landscapes fragmentation based on ESA land cover data, 2022 Supplementary materials will be published a little later Fragmentation of land cover was estimated for the following three options: 1) all land cover classes fragmented by roads and settlements; 2) all land cover classes fragmented by roads, settlements, and cropland; and 3) tree cover fragmented by all other land cover classes. Lake Sevan, in all cases, was considered as a gap in land cover. For all three options, individual patches were identified, and patch area and perimeter-to-area ratio (Fragstat metric PARA) were calculated using FRAGSTATS 4.3beta […]
- [Erosion](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/preliminary-results-on-ea/erosion/): We apologize for possible errors in the machine translation of the site Prevention of soil water erosion and sediment transport to waterbodies (InVEST Sediment Delivery Ratio) GIS modeling and analysis, presentation of results – Eduard Kazakov (NextGIS OÜ, Estonia);Analysis and presentation of results – Elena Bukvareva (BCC-Armenia);Assessment of the alignment of results with real watersheds in Armenia – Vardan Asatryan (NAS RA) Assessment of the relevance of modeling results for Armenia – external expert Alexander Arakelyan (NAS RA)  Two ES – 1) prevention of soil water erosion and 2) ensuring water flow quality due to prevention of sediment transport to waterbodies – were estimated and mapped using InVEST Sediment Delivery […]
- [Extent of landscapes](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/preliminary-results-on-ea/extent-of-landscapes/): We apologize for possible errors in the machine translation of the site 2.4. Extent of natural landscapes GIS modeling and analysis – Eduard Kazakov (NextGIS OÜ, Estonia)Analysis and presentation of results – Elena Bukvareva (BCC-Armenia) 1. Extent of natural landscapes in Armenia To estimate extent of natural landscapes, the map of landscape zones published in the Fifth National Report of Armenia to the CBD (2014) was used (available in digital form in Forest Atlas of Armenia FAA), along with ESRI land cover data for 2017 and 2023 as well as ESA 2021 data for comparison. The area of natural landscapes was calculated as the […]
- [Extent of LC classes](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/preliminary-results-on-ea/land-cover-extent/): We apologize for possible errors in the machine translation of the site 2.2. Extent of land cover classes in Armenia GIS modeling and analysis – Eduard Kazakov (NextGIS OÜ, Estonia)Analysis and presentation of results – Elena Bukvareva (BCC-Armenia)Search for government data – Armen Grigoryan (BCC Armenia) 2.2.A. Extent of land cover classes reported by Government of Armenia The Decision of the Government of the Republic of Armenia in April 11, 2019 n 431-n “On approval of the procedure for classification of the land cover of the Republic of Armenia” defined the following land cover classes for national accounting:– Cultivated lands– Grasslands– Tree-covered areas– Shrub-covered areas– […]
- [Preliminary results on EA](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/preliminary-results-on-ea/): Preliminary results on ecosystem accounting of Armenia
- [Seasonal Water Yield](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/preliminary-results-on-ea/seasonal-water-yield/): We apologize for possible errors in the machine translation of the site ES of seasonal water flow regulation (InVEST Seasonal Water Yield model) GIS modeling and analysis, presentation of results – Eduard Kazakov (NextGIS OÜ, Estonia);Analysis and presentation of results – Elena Bukvareva (BCC-Armenia);Assessment of the alignment of results with real watersheds in Armenia – Vardan Asatryan (NAS RA) Assessment of the relevance of modeling results for Armenia – external expert Alexander Arakelyan (NAS RA)  The ES of seasonal flow redistribution and baseflow provision is extremely important for Armenia, which has a seasonal climate with dry summers over a significant part of the territory. The ES was estimated and mapped […]
- [Area of LC classes in landscape zones](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/project-tasks/testing-of-available-landcovers-for-the-territory-of-armenia/area-of-lc-classes-in-landscape-zones/)
- [Comparison of ​​cropland area](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/project-tasks/testing-of-available-landcovers-for-the-territory-of-armenia/comparison-of-cropland-area/): Comparison of ​​cropland area according to land cover data and ARMSTAT data A comparison with ARMSTAT data on cultivated areas was conducted for four land cover datasets – ESRI, ESA, GLAD, and Dynamic World (GLC_FCS30D was excluded from the analysis as it differs most significantly from the Government-reported data). For comparison, we also used 2022 Government data on the area of cultivated land in Armenia. Land cover datasets and Government-reported data were compared with three ARMSTAT indicators for the same year as the land cover data:1) Arable land (Arable in graphs) , that is, an area intended for cultivation, but […]
- [Area of LC classes in marzes](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/project-tasks/testing-of-available-landcovers-for-the-territory-of-armenia/area-of-lc-classes-in-marzes/): Area of land cover classes in the tested datasets To ensure dataset comparability, all tested land cover datasets and Governmental data on land cover area were generalized into five land cover classes: 1) trees; 2) non-woody natural areas; 3) water, wetlands, flooded vegetation; 4) crops; 5) built-up areas. The Decision of the Government of the Republic of Armenia in April 11, 2019 defined the following land cover classes for national accounting: Cultivated lands; Grasslands; Tree-covered areas; Shrub-covered areas; Water covered areas; Vegetation-free areas. The more detailed disaggregation of the Vegetation-free class by land fund categories provided in the Government-reported data, […]
- [Testing of available landcovers](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/project-tasks/testing-of-available-landcovers-for-the-territory-of-armenia/): We apologize for possible errors in the machine translation of the site 2.1. Testing of available land cover datasets GIS modeling and analysis – Eduard Kazakov (NextGIS OÜ, Estonia)Analysis and presentation of results – Elena Bukvareva (BCC-Armenia)Search for government data – Armen Grigoryan (BCC Armenia)Compilation of ARMSTAT data – Bayburdyan Ani (Freelancer) The data for Armenia from the following five publicly available global land cover datasets were tested: 1) Dynamic World; 2) ESRI Land Cover; 3) ESA WorldCover; 4) GLC_FCS30D; 5) GLAD Global Land Cover and Land Use Change. The following datasets were excluded from analysis (see for details Table 21-1): MODIS MCD12Q1; Copernicus Global Land Cover; […]
- [Testing](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/project-tasks/testing/): Testing the possibility of creating an ecosystem map based on the intersection of the ESA land cover with the contours of landscape zones of Armenia Digital maps → Assessment of ecosystem diversity based on the intersection of land cover and landscape zones → Will be published soon Analysis of land cover fragmentation →
- [Project tasks](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/project-tasks/): Tasks of blocks I and II (adjusted as the project progresses) Сompleted tasks are highlighted in greenTasks that will not be performed due to lack of open statistics are highlighted in gray I. Creation of a Prototype of national ecosystem accounting of Armenia 1. Accounts of ecosystems 1А) Ecosystem extent 1.1. Creation of a prototype of a digital periodically updated map of terrestrial ecosystems of Armenia for ecosystem accounting 1.1.1. Testing the possibility of creating an ecosystem map based on the intersection of the ESA landcover with the contours of landscape zones of Armenia → 1.1.2. Analysis of existing landscape […]
- [productivity - phytomass](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ecosystem-accounting/correlations/productivity-phytomass/): Correlations between productivity and phytomass identified in the TEEB-Russia project (2013-2022) Negative relationships were found between phytomass and productivity of natural ecosystems within European Russia for 50 х 50 km squares. Correlations between phytomass and productivity for 50-km squares: a) for indicators of natural ecosystems; b) for indicators adjusted considering the degree of territory transformation Phytomass and productivity are key factors in fulfillment of ecosystem services (ES). For some ES, phytomass is primarily important (for example, for carbon storage, regulating the water cycle, purifying runoff, preventing soil erosion), and for others, productivity is primarily important (provisioning ES, carbon sequestration). Should […]
- [Biodiversity impact on ES](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/bef-bes/): Interconnections between biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services Page is under construction Biodiversity is now recognized as a key factor in ecosystem functioning and human well-being. Biodiversity is the basis of all the benefits that humans receive from nature known as “ecosystem services” or “nature’s contributions to people.” (IPBES, 2018, 2019). Ultimately, the very possibility of human life on Earth is determined by the functioning of natural ecosystems and biosphere regulation, which modern humanity is not able to replace by artificial means on a global scale. Biodiversity loss weakens and destabilizes ecosystem functions and services, and undermines human well-being and […]
- [Correlations](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ecosystem-accounting/correlations/): ←BACK Correlations between indicators of ecosystem extent/condition and services (page is under construction) Relationships between bird species richness and provided ES of runoff volume assurance by terrestrial ecosystems calculated for 50 km squares within European Russia (for details see Report 2 and here): a) relationships between the mean values of indicators per square in the ecoregions; b) relationships for the group of northern, forest and mountain ecoregions (shown in green) and the group of southern ecoregions (shown in orange). The relationships for the whole dataset of European Russia are indicated by dashed lines. The mean values of indicators in individual […]
- [Optimal](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ecosystem-accounting/optimal/): The principle of optimal biodiversity: why nature needs diversity and how it achieves it Biodiversity is an adaptation. The inner diversity (i.e. the diversity of the components) of a biological system is an adaptive trait associated with its effectiveness, resilience and viability. Biosystems with optimal diversity are the most effective and viable. Any shift away from optimal diversity decreases their effectiveness and viability or even eventually destroys them. Optimal biodiversity is established during an interaction of different hierarchical levels of life. Our theoretical models (see references below) studied only a small fragment of life hierarchy, namely, populations and communities consisting […]
- [References TEEB](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ecosystem-accounting/references-teeb/): ←BACK References on ecosystem accounting Arneth, А., Shin, Y.-J., Leadley, P., Rondinini, C., Bukvareva, E., Kolb, M., Midgley, G.F., Oberdorff, T., Palomo, I., Saito, O. 2020. Post-2020 biodiversity targets need to embrace climate change. PNAS, 117 (49) 30882-30891; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009584117. Bobylev, S., Bukvareva, E., V. Grabovsky, A. Danilkin, Yu. Dgebuadze, A. Drozdov, D. Zamolodchikov, G. Kraev, A. Tishkov, O. Filenko, A. Khoroshev. 2014. Analyse des gegenwärtigen Wissensstandes über Ökosysteme und Ökosystemdienstleistungen in Russland. Ein Status-quo Report // TEEB-Prozesse und Ökosystem-Assessment in Deutschland, Russland und weiteren Staaten des nördlichen Eurasiens. BfN-Skripten 372, Bonn. P. 162 – 235. (http://www.bfn.de/fileadmin/MDB/documents/service/Skript_372.pdf) Bukvareva, Y.N., Aleynikov, A.A., Klimanova, O.A. et al. Territorial Assessment and Prioritization for Biodiversity Conservation Using the Example of […]
- [Regulating ES](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ecosystem-accounting/ecosystem-services/regulating-es/): ←BACK Results of valuation of regulating ES Climate-regulating ES. For details see Report 1 for the whole RF and Report 2 for the European Russia Air purification by suburban forests. For details see Report 1 for the whole RF and Report 2 for the European Russia Runoff regulation by terrestrial ecosystems. This general estimate is based on the difference between the observed runoff and the hypothetical runoff from an area in the absence of any vegetation (see here). Thus, it takes into account both evapotranspiration and precipitation recycling as a result of ecosystem functioning. For details see Report 1 for […]
- [Cultural ES](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ecosystem-accounting/ecosystem-services/cultural-es/): ←BACK Results of valuation of recreational ES For details see Report 2 for the first case Report 1 for the second case Results of valuation of informational ES Aesthetic value of natural landscapes. For details see Report 2 Scoring of other informational ES. For details see Report 1
- [Provisioning ES](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ecosystem-accounting/ecosystem-services/provisioning-es/): ←BACK Results of valuation of provisioning ES For details see Report 1
- [ES scoring](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ecosystem-accounting/ecosystem-services/es-scoring/): ←BACK Examples of ES assessment by scores when data for quantification are absent Cognitive and educational significance of Nature (for details see Report 1) Storage of genetic resources in Nature (for details see Report 1) Formation of natural conditions for tourism in nature (for details see Report 1)
- [ES indirect](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ecosystem-accounting/ecosystem-services/es-indirect/): ←BACK Examples of indirect ES valuation on the base of available maps, statistics, scientific models and coefficients Production of fodder on natural pastures (for details see Report 1) Runoff regulation by terrestrial ecosystems (for details see Report 1)
- [ES direct](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ecosystem-accounting/ecosystem-services/es-direct/): ←BACK Examples of direct ES valuation on the base of available statistics Wood and game production in the subjects of RF (for details see Report 1)
- [management](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ecosystem-accounting/conclusions-for-management/): ←BACK Management implications arising from ecosystem accounting data 1. Defining priority ecosystems and territories for biodiversity conservation at different levels of territorial administration. Methodology to define priority types of ecosystems and priority territories for conservation of ecosystem diversity was tested for Central Federal District of RF (see here). Based on data on the share of ecosystem area (point 2 here), their rarest types are identified and ecosystems are ranked according to their value for preserving ecosystem diversity at different levels of territorial administration. Ranking of ecosystem types Ranking of territories for protection of ecosystem diversity Thus, data on ecosystem area […]
- [ES projec](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/preliminary-data-analysis/es-projec/): ←BACK Studies of specific ecosystem services and pilot areas of Armenia Assessment of forest ES provided by ENPI-FLEG II (European Neighborhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI) East Countries Forest Law Enforcement and Governance (FLEG) II Program, funded by the European Union). There are descriptions of the state of forest ecosystems, the main threats to forests and their significance for the rural population of Armenia. – Scoping study of economic significance of ecosystems and biodiversity (TEEB) of the forestry sector of Armenia. 2014. Prepared by Armen Gevorgyan. – Forest Dependency in Rural Armenia. 2014. Prepared by Anahit Mkrtchyan and Erik Grigoryan. Assessment […]
- [maps for ES](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/preliminary-data-analysis/maps-for-es/): ←BACK Maps relevant for ES evaluation and mapping Digital soil map as well as a set of maps of specific soil parameters are available on ArmSIS website. Maps of soil types and their parameters are necessary for evaluation and mapping of ES of runoff regulation, assurance of runoff quality and soil protection. Digital map of soil organic carbon stock, t/ha (0-30 cm) is available on ArmSIS website. That data are necessary for valuation and mapping of climate regulating ES of carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems. Digital maps of river network and canals are available on ArmSIS website and are necessary […]
- [state stat](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/preliminary-data-analysis/state-stat/): ←BACK State statistics of Armenia relevant to assessment of ecosystem services – Statistics on population, agriculture and industry by marzes of Armenia (also see here). The following may be useful for assessing ecosystem services: – Number of RA population by urban and rural distribution– Population density of RA– Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remedlation activities, 2021– Sown areas under grain and leguminous crops– Gross harvest of grain and leguminous crops– Sown areas under potatoes– Gross harvest of potatoes– Sown areas under vegetables– Gross harvest of vegetables– Sown areas under melons– Gross harvest of melons– Sown areas under fruit and […]
- [Previous experience](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ecosystem-accounting/): Experience of BCC Armenia team in ecosystem accounting BCC Armenia team has experience in adaptation of SEEA-EA methodology at national and regional levels due to multi-year project “TEEB-Russia” (2013-2023). It has been implemented by the Biodiversity Conservation Center (Moscow) in cooperation with the Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development (Dresden) and was commissioned by the German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) with funds from the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety (BMU). The main results of TEEB-Russia project are presented on the website http://teeb.biodiversity.ru/en/. Based on the analysis of currently available data, […]
- [species diversity](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/preliminary-data-analysis/species-diversi/): ←BACK Data on species diversity Data on rare and endangered species are available from the digital map with points of plant and animal species registered in the Red Book of the Republic of Armenia. The app was developed within the framework of the cooperation between the Ministry of Environment and GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Internationale Zusammenarbeit) in Armenia. This data can be useful for assessing biodiversity indicators of ECOSYSTEM CONDITION of Armenia. The figure below shows the fragment of the app. Description of species diversity provided by The Integrated Biodiversity Management, South Caucasus programme IBiS and GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer […]
- [veg maps](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/preliminary-data-analysis/veg-maps/): ←BACK Maps of vegetation and landscapes of Armenia The following maps can be used as the basis for assessing ECOSYSTEM EXTENT. However, they differ in details, which requires clarification. Besides, it is not yet clear to us whether the map from the Atlas of Armenia exists in digital form in the public domain. ArmSIS website (see here) in the Fifth National Report of the Republic of Armenia  to the Convention on Biological Diversity, and on website of Statistical Committee of the Republic of Armenia (Atlas of Armenia, 2008; pdf).
- [preliminary-data-analysis](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ongoing-projects/preliminary-data-analysis/): ←BACK Preliminary review of available data for ecosystem accounting of terrestrial ecosystems of Armenia Our analysis showed the following:– Until now, at the national level, the task of creating ecosystem accounting, including a full accounting of the state of ecosystems and ecosystem services, has not been set;– There is enough of data available for the territory of Armenia to start a pilot project to develop a methodology for ecosystem accounting including ECOSYSTEM EXTENT, ECOSYSTEM CONDITION and ECOSYSTEM SERVICES. DATA ON ECOSYSTEM EXTENT AND CONDITION GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND SPECIFIC STUDIES OF BIODIVERSITY OF ARMENIA– Fayvush George (Ed.). 2023. Biodiversity of Armenia. […]
- [Biodiversity assessment](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ecosystem-accounting/biodiversity-assessment/): ←BACK Experience in assessment and mapping of ecosystem extent and condition 1. Indicators of ecosystem assets tested in the TEEB-Russia project at national and regional levels are shown below (for details see Report 1 and Report 2). Examples of assessed indicators at national and regional levels are shown below. Ecosystem extent 2. Share of ecosystem area in the Central Federal District of RF, in regions within CFD, and in districts within regions (example for Vladimir region is shown). For details see here in Russian and here in English. (CFD location) 3. The degree of territory transformation for 50-km squares and […]
- [Ecosystem Services](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/seea-ea/ecosystem-accounting/ecosystem-services/): ←BACK Experience in evaluation and mapping of ecosystem services The first national assessment of ecosystem services of Russia was done (Report 1 and Report 2). Possibilities for assessing and mapping 31 ecosystem services using open data currently available were analyzed. The classification of terrestrial ES adopted in the TEEB‐Russia project combines international ES classifications (SEEA‐EA, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, CICES) and the National Strategy of Biodiversity Conservation in Russia (2001). We assessed ES in the following indicators (Report 1): – provided/potential ES (Vprovided), i.e., potential ES produced by ecosystems, regardless of the presence or absence of consumers of ES; – required/demanded […]
- [Members and contacts](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/members-and-contacts/): We apologize for possible errors in the machine translation of the site Non-governmental (public) organization «Biodiversity conservation center (BCC Armenia)» is established by a team of experts in the field of nature conservation, with a primary focus on initiating and executing environmental scientific and management projects in the Republic of Armenia. The primary objective of BCC Armenia is to safeguard Armenia’s biodiversity and ecosystem services as the basis of human well-being. BCC Armenia designs and carries out projects with the following core aims:– Assessing and mapping natural heritage and biodiversity – Assessing and mapping ecosystem services – Designing environmental management […]
- [Home page](https://biodiversity-armenia.am/): We apologize for possible errors in the machine translation of the site Ecosystem Accounting in Armenia: Setting the Scene June 2024 – May 2026 This project is funded by the German Federal Environment Ministry’s Advisory Assistance Program (AAP) for environmental protection in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia and other countries neighboring the European Union. It is supervised by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) and the German Environment Agency (UBA).The responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. The aim of the project is to create a Prototype of national […]


[comment]: # (Generated by Hostinger Tools Plugin)